Below are
some extracts from a letter written in 1854 from John Robertson to the Governor
of Victoria. The topic was the land around Portland and how it was being
settled and farmed.
Why am I posting
this?
Because
John Robertson talks about his neighbours James Gibson and Bridget Watt.
Who were they?
James Gibson was born in Beith
Scotland in 1816.
Migrated in 1849.
Bridget Watt born in Milltown
Ireland about 1833.
Migrated in 1849.
In 1851 they married in
Portland.
They had the
farm for about 24 years and had 12 children.
I am a direct
descendent of one of these 12 children. Number 7.
Does their behavior
matter?
The Gibsons
became farmers in 1852/1853 on previously unfarmed land. They were squatters.
They had no previous experience of sheep farming in Australia. Their most
productive crop was humans. In the time they had the farm they had 12 children.
The land
was previously occupied by aborigines. I
am well aware that as a society we took the land off the original inhabitants
of the land and treated them badly. This letter brings it closer to home. It
gives glimpses of how my direct antecedents interacting with the original
inhabitants.
As I read
their story I alternated between feeling proud of the Gibson’s achievements and
guilty of their behavior? I am proud
that despite being born in Scotland and Ireland they farmed sheep in very
strange conditions and raised 12 children.
At times I am proud of their relaxed attitude towards the original
inhabitants.
I was
raised on mum’s breast milk and stories of how brave and courageous the Gibsons
were settling in a new home in a foreign country and raising 12 children.
There was a
time when the original inhabitants and the recent arrivals became openly
violent and hostile towards each other. These are the stories I was never told.
From what I
can tell this interaction between the settlers and the local original
inhabitants was typical of the society in which they lived. It is not typical
of my society and sickens me. I was not proud of my antecedents being in the vicinity.
When feeling
guilty I find it very difficult to go back and alter the past. What I can do is
acknowledge that this is what happened.
Recently I
went to an event where the MC began by acknowledging the traditional owners. I
thought that’s a really good thing to do. She’s not guilty or proud. Just acknowledging. Too me that’s they main message from this
letter. Acknowledge the past. Be aware of what happened. Know the truth and it will set you free.
To His
Excellency C. J. La Trobe, Esq.,
Lieutenant-Governor,
Victoria.
Dear Sir,
Gibson from
Melbourne settled on the remaining unoccupied land on the east bank of the
Glenelg called Roseneath. In the Gibson family there were two ladies, one of
them an old lady of 70 years of age. The ladies, Mrs. Gibson and Mrs McFarlane,
lived in tents for ten months. Soon after they arrived they congregated a large
number of natives about their place, whom they kept hanging about, doing and undoing,
to keep them employed. The ladies were anxious to get a garden formed, as they had
a quantity of English seeds. They got the natives to work in the garden for them,
but they were expensive labour.
I wonder what
English seeds they had. Were they vegetables of ornamental plants?
I have gone
to the station and found as many as 20 natives round the place and not one white
man near the station, Mr. Gibson and his men being away splitting or doing something
from home. I used to expostulate with them about the impropriety of allowing the
natives to remain about the place when there was no one about but the two
females. Mr. and Mrs. Gibson just laughed, and said they were poor harmless
creatures, and the only precaution used was, Mrs. Gibson carried a broken three
- barreled pistol in a leather belt which she wore round her middle; this
formed part of her toilet.
I like Mrs Gibson
relaxed attitude and dislike her reliance on a gun.
On one
occasion Mr. Gibson and his only available men were making hurdles, and they
were in want of nails that were at the Dergholm Station, six miles off. Mrs. Gibson
who was fond of riding, offered to go for the nails, as they were so much wanted,
and to take one of the black men for a guide. They arrived at Dergholm - the
six miles, Mrs. G. riding; the black man, Yarra, walking; they got 6 lbs. nails
in a leather bag, which Yarra had to carry. On the way back, in a thick forest,
Yarra, who was a little before on a dray track, stopped suddenly, caught the
bridle of Mrs. Gibson's horse' ordered her to get off and walk and he would
ride. Mrs. Gibson had presence of mind to pull out her pistol from her belt
under her shawl, and presented it at the man, who let go the bridle in a
moment. With her whip she struck her horse, which dashed off, and saved her
life. Some days after, Yarra brought home the nails, and they all laughed at
the affair (which they told me some nights after), though there was nothing there
to laugh at.
They laughed about
what happened. What does that mean?
A few days
after this, Mrs. McFarlane was in the garden with some of her poor black
creatures (as she called them), and she was reproving, one of them for pulling
up the young potatoes. Yarra came running at Mrs. McFarlane with an uplifted rake,
evidently to strike Mrs. McFarlane when Mrs. Gibson heard the scream, and
rushed out with the pistol in her hand. All the natives, nine or ten of them,
leaped over the fence and were no more seen.
In the
evening, the shepherd at the home - station did not come home; his dog brought
about 300 sheep long after dark. Mr. Gibson the only man about the place, next morning
went in search of his shepherd and sheep; the poor dog went direct to the dead shepherd,
about a mile from home. Mr. Gibson had to walk about six miles to Bell's, for
his own horses were away. Mr. Bell had one man, and Mr. Gibson tracked the
sheep through a long heath towards the Wando, and they found about 500 sheep
coming back again, which they had to return with. Mr. Bell rode 21 miles for me
and two others; we all got to Roseneath about three in the afternoon
Mr. Gibson
returned with the 500 sheep about the same time; still 700 away. Five of us
started, leaving Mr. Gibson to take care of the ladies, as they had been thus
without the least protection all day, and now became afraid to stop by themselves
all night with the dead shepherd. After a smart ride of fourteen miles we came on
the main body of the sheep, but no natives. The sheep were nearly all dead;
such wanton destruction no one but those who saw it can imagine. There were 610
fine ewes just about to lamb, for which 42s. a head had been paid the year
before - all dead; some skinned; others skinned and quartered; some cut open
and the fat taken out and piled in skins, but most of them just knocked on the
head with a stick; meat, fat, and all mixed with the fine sand of the
stringy-bark forest.
An example of life at
the time. One dead shepherd (an employee) and hundreds of dead sheep.
It was
quite evident the natives had left in the morning, for all was cold, and we saw
no cooking or cooked meat. We agreed to all ride back for two miles, taking the
few living sheep with us, and one man being left with the horses, to creep back
after dark, and shell all remain; but no natives came. We returned to Roseneath
in the morning, buried the shepherd, and six of us started in search of the
natives, but never found any of them for two days. I was out on the third
night; two of our horses got away; one of them was mine, and I had to walk
home, which I was afterwards very glad of, for the party fell in with an unfortunate
native and ran him down, and I believe shot him in retaliation (and I now have no
doubt he never heard of Mr. G.'s sheep).
On my way
home I came to an out-station hut of my neighbour's for a drink of water, and
there was our friend Yarra, the native, chopping wood for the hut-keeper. I
looked at him closely, and I saw a pair of Mr. Gibson's old trousers he had on
at the time all smeared with blood, whether the poor shepherd's or the sheep's
I know not. I was only a mile from home, and there I found Mr. Gibson's
bullock- driver with his team and two men, splitters, returning from Portland
on his way home. I told the bullock-driver what had happened, and that I saw
Yarra at the hut, and if he could take Yarra on with him in the morning in his
dray, he might perhaps tell who had killed the shepherd. They called friend
Yarra, and easily induced him to go with them, but when he came in sight of the
station he got off the dray and was running away, when one of the splitters
shot him. So ended poor Yarra.
Another example of
the times. One dead aborigine.
After this,
there was a constant war kept up between the natives and the stations - Bell's
and Gibson's - and, I regret to say, a fearful loss of life to the poor natives
by two young heartless vagabonds Gibson and Bell had as overseers when they
left.
I was shocked and
stunned when I read this. These are the
stories I was never told. I don’t know
why the Gibsons spent so much time away from the property. Maybe it had
something to do with Mrs Gibson’s ever-growing family.
Your most
obedient servant,
JOHN GEORGE
ROBERTSON, Of Wando Vale; April 6th, 1854.